CCNA,CCNP,CCIE Blogs

1) What is Routing? Routing is the process of finding a path on which data can pass from source to destination. Routing is done by a device called routers, which are network layer devices. 2) What is the purpose of the Data Link? The job of the Data Link layer is to check messages are sent to the right device. Another function of this layer is framing. 3) What is the key advantage of using switches? When a switch receives a signal, it creates a frame out of the bits that was extracted from that signal. With this process, it gains access and reads the destination address, after which it forwards that frame to the appropriate port. This is a very efficient means of data transmission, instead of broadcasting it on all ports. 4) When does network congestion occur? Network congestion occurs when too many users are trying to use the same bandwidth. This is especially true in big networks that do not resort to network segmentation. 5) What is a Window in networking terms? ...

This short post will show you how to upgrade the software on a single Cisco 3850 switch or a 3850 stack, using TFTP and USB. The process is very easy but it is a bit different than the usual software image of previous switches i.e 3750 etc. The main difference is the Cisco 3850 switch run IOS-XE so you have to copy the .bin file to the flash on the switch and then install the software on the switch. Download the required image from cisco.com Begin the install Reboot the switch Step 1 copy the new image to the 3850 3850-SW1# copy tftp flash Address or name of remote host []? 10.1.1.100 Source filename []? cat3k_caa-universalk9.SPA.03.03.01.SE.150-1.EZ1.bin Destination filename [cat3k_caa-universalk9.SPA.03.03.01.SE.150-1.EZ1.bin]? Accessing tftp://10.1.1.250/cat3k_caa-universalk9.SPA.03.03.01.SE.150-1.EZ1.bin… Loading cat3k_caa-universalk9.SPA.03.03.01.SE.150-1.EZ1.bin from 10.251.226.253 (via Port-channel1): !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!...

The Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) is a supporting protocol in the Internet protocol suite. It is used by network devices, like routers, to send error messages and operational information.   ICMP TYPE NUMBERS   The Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) has many messages that are identified by a "type" field. Type      Name                                                                    Reference ----         -------------------------                    ...

          CCNA  200-120 solved Dumps If you are planning to get CCNA Routing and Switching certification ,you must take 200-120 exam. download CCNA 200-120 dumps pdf and practice the real exam questions. CCNA 200-120 exam is the composite exam associated with the Cisco CCNA Routing and Switching certification. CCNA 200-120 exam tests a candidate’s knowledge and skills required to install, operate, and troubleshoot a small to medium size enterprise branch network.  The topics include all the areas covered under ICND 1 and ICND2 Exams. What Are Dumps Exactly? Also known as braindumps, they are basically questions and answers taken straight from the copyrighted exams.  During the CCNA exam, you will be asked to answer 50 multiple choice questions and 3 lab questions. The dumps are usually complied by previous test takers who somehow remember the questions by memory, by the people who run the Test Centers, or by the actual e...

A micro-burst occurs when a specific amount of data (in bytes) is exceeded in a given time interval. Micro-Burst Monitoring Overview The micro-burst monitoring feature allows you to monitor traffic on a per-port basis for both ingress and egress ports and to detect unexpected data bursts within a very small time window (micro-seconds). This allows you to detect flows in the network that are at risk of data loss, and that may require extra bandwidth. The micro-burst monitoring feature allows you to specify these limits as absolute values (for data and burst size) or as a percentage of the link speed. When these thresholds are exceeded the system generates a Syslog alarm message. How to Use Micro-Burst Monitoring The micro-burst monitoring feature monitors bursts in real time. The monitoring process also provides an overview of data path issues, and is helpful in identifying potential capacity issues in a network. Syslog messages are generated with the burst exceeds th...

Asymmetric routing Asymmetric routing is when a packet takes one path to the destination and takes another path when returning to the source. For example, review the following diagram. Packets from client to server take one route and packets from server to client take another route. ROUTERA----->WAN LINK 1----->ROUTERB  Going  path. ROUTERB----->WAN LINK 2 ----->ROUTERA  Return path. Related topics-  Unicast flooding  Out-of-order packets

                                      Out of order packets out-of-order delivery is the delivery of data packets in a different order from which they were sent. Out-of-order delivery can be caused by packets following multiple paths through a network, or via parallel processing paths within network equipment that are not designed to ensure that packet ordering is preserved. One of the functions of TCP is to prevent the out-of-order delivery of data, either by reassembling packets into order or forcing retries of out-of-order packets. IP protocol by nature does not guarantee packet delivery in the order in which they were sent, this is a common behavior since we can’t control the entire path of a packet when traversing different carrier’s networks/Paths. In principle, applications that use a transport protocol such as TCP or SCTP [Stream control transmition protocol ]   don'...